相对而言，自然科学和生命科学的文章就要简单很多，如果非要说这两类文章的难点，那么就是专有名词会比较多，但是做题经验丰富的同学会发现专有名词其实根本不是文章最后的考点，而且文章经常会对这些词汇进行解释因此根本不用恐慌。这两类文章最大的优点就在于“逻辑性强和结构清晰”。这两类文章就像是一张完整的汽车导航路线图，从起点到终点，中间会在哪里遇到红绿灯，哪里需要转弯，哪里一直直行全部都一目了然。
社会科学类例文：
Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.
Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eigh- teenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.
这篇文章最重要的三个地方就是上面三种颜色标注的地方。
首先，由黄色部分可以得知这篇文章主题是在讨论“在杰克逊时代的美国是否是一个平等主义的社会？”
然后，由绿色部分可以得知文章里出现的2个主要人物，并且第二个人E. Pessen是在对第一个人Tocqueville进行负面的评价，由文章开头第一句可以得知。
最后，第二段话里的蓝色句子也很重要。有两个原因：1. 该句子为让步转折句。让步转折句在GRE阅读里有多么重要应该不用再赘述了；2. 该句子同时还是一个态度句，包括两个态度词：true和overestimate，前者为正态度词，后者为负态度词，并且这个态度句是作者针对Pessen所发出的。
搞清楚这三句话就搞清楚了文章的大概内容。有的同学可能会问如何找重点句子？这篇文章里的三个重点句子分别是开头主题句；人物句；以及让步转折句。
人文科学类例文：
Many critics of Emily Bront?’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counter point that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.
这篇文章最重要的地方同样是由三种颜色标注的地方。
首先，黄色部分的段首句为文章的主题句，由该句话可以得知这篇文章是在讨论一部叫做 《呼啸山庄》的小说的两个部分之间的关系，到底是对立关系？还是别的关系？（后面有题是由关于这个点）
其次，绿色部分标示的为文章里出现的2个人名以及一个作品名。Emily Bronte为文章主要讨论对象，第二个人Henry James为穿插进去和主要人物进行比较的另外一个人物，并且主要是比较这两个作家对于小说结构的意识（后面有题是有关于这个点）。第三个绿色的Hamlet是莎士比亚的一部戏剧，在这里出现的目的也是为了和《呼啸山庄》这本书的风格进行比较（同样这里也有题）。
最后，蓝色部分的转折句告诉我们在解读这部作品的时候某些解读方式会不具备说服力。（同样这里也有题，只不过该句话是以干扰项的身份出现在选项里）。
这三句话的身份和上面一篇文章里的三句话的身份差不多，都是文章要抓段首主题句；人物或者作品名称句；以及转折句。
自然科学类例文：
At a certain period in Earth’s history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of oxygen. As a way of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth’s surface. Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate. New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth’s surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced. Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth’s surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant life.
这篇文章里最重要的地方依然三种颜色标注。
首先，由段首句可以得知文章是在讨论一个自然现象：在地球的某段历史中空气里是没有氧气的。在这里我们可以先大胆推测文章结构极有可能是“现象解释型”文章。
接下来，2处黄色部分的句子验证了我们之前的推测，第一处科学家的假说相当于第一种解释，认为氧气被铁吸走了。第二处新的研究相当于第二种解释，认为当时地球上氧气量是不够的，因此除了铁还需要别的物质来吸走氧气，但是具体是什么物质文章并没有说清楚。
最后，蓝色部分的转折句同时也是一个负态度评价句，针对第一种解释发出的。一般情况在两种解释之间都会出现这种起到承上启下左右的转折态度句。
这样的自然科学文章看起来考生们会觉得思路很清晰，逻辑链条很紧凑，文章结构也很好定性。
生命科学类例文：
One of the questions of interest in the study of the evolution of spiders is whether the weaving of orb webs evolved only once or several times. About half the 35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs. Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related. Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle‘s theory. This theory postulates that the families must be related, based on the assumption that complex behavior, such as web building, could evolve only once. According to Kullman, web structure is the only characteristic that suggests a relationship between families. The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes. Only Uloborids lack venom glands. Further identification and study of characteristic features will undoubtedly answer the question of the evolution of the orb web.
这篇文章里最重要的地方由四种颜色标注。
首先，有段首句里的question可以得知文章开头先提出一个问题，这个问题是有关于蜘蛛织球型网的能力是进化了一次还是多次？在这里我们又可以推测出文章结构极有可能是“问题解决型”文章。
接下来，绿色部分标注的是最近的一种针对这个问题的解释，该观点认为织球型网的两个家族蜘蛛是不相关的因为织网能力只能进化一次；而蓝色部分标注的是另外一个叫做Wiehle的人提出了相反的观点，认为两个家族是相关的因为织网行为只能进化一次。
最后，紫色部分标注内容表面文章是开放式结尾，并没有针对这个问题的确定答案。开放式结尾在GRE阅读里很常见，所以当考生们在回答主旨题选择resolve…; solve…这类词汇开头的选项的时候一定要关注一下文章结尾，因为这类词开头的选项不适合开放式结尾的文章。
总结：
由以上可以看出针对比较抽象的人文科学和社会科学的文章，我们一般不研究它们的文章结构，而是多多关注它们的段首主题句；人物名称和作品名称句；转折句；态度句。把握到这几处大多数题目还是可以迎刃而解的。而针对自然科学和生命科学的文章，我们主要是研究它们的文章结构，考生们在平时练习的时候就需要把它们归类为五种结构中具体哪一种。
