雅思阅读的同义词如何替换?同义词替换以后就增加了难度,可能词性变化了,也可能意思完全相反了。那么具体是怎么替换的呢?
词性之间的替换
词性的替换主要是指题目中的关键信息与原文中的内容在词性上做了变化而已。这样的替换相对来说,难度系数偏低,只需要考生能够辨认出相同的词根即可。
Example 1:
Cambridge8,Test3中Q35:Through mutations, organisms can 35 better to the environment.首先通过mutation一词将此填空题在原文定位到第C段”Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.”然后寻找空后关键词better to,根据空格前的情态动词can推测空格处只能填一个动词,而且是原形,还要能和to搭配。这么一来,这句话里只有一个对应词比较合适:adaption,将其变形为动词adapt即可。
Example 2:
Cambridge6,Test2中Q17Q18:This is largely due to developments in 17 , but other factors such as improved 18 may also be playing a part.定位到原文第四段”Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century….”表明有些疾病是被medical advances打败的。根据空格前的介词可以判断17题缺一个跟developments相关的名词。正确选项是medical的同根词M(medicine)。而18题是一个被improved修饰的名词,原文中improvements是它的同根词,所以答案是选项J (nutrition)。
这样的替换,即使单词是陌生的,却可以通过相同的词根或词形来帮助考生去挑选答案。要想掌握好这样的替换,也就要求考生尽可能地去多熟悉英语词汇中各种词根与词缀的应用。
剑桥阅读中出现的同根词变身:
ability → able
diabetic → diabetes
secrete → secretions
fertilise → fertilisers
creativity → creative
investigative → investigate
prefer → preference
emit → emission
predictability → predicted
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