朗阁海外考试研究中心的雅思培训老师为考生带来2015年12月3日的真题回顾、详细解析及备考策略，此为雅思阅读回顾部分。
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心 孙亚楠
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考试日期： |
2015年12月3日 |
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Reading Passage 1 |
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Title: |
Deep sea fish |
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Question types: |
判断题 6题 填空题 7题 |
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文章内容回顾 |
一个德国科学家在埃及红海潜水想确认15m以下到底有没有红光（理论上来讲是没有任何光线的）。结果在海底20m的地方他看见了红色的鱼，即使取下红色滤光片用肉眼也能看见。因为在这个深度不可能有光线，所以他猜想是荧光，但是没有设备验证，只能尽可能多的拍照片。回德国之后证实了这确实是荧光，50种鱼都有这种荧光，是皮下的细胞里的晶体发出的，不是晶体本身，可能是晶体里的荧光蛋白，这个蛋白可能是细菌制造的。鱼用这个红光来识别种群，标示位置，吓退敌人，掩盖自己，捕捉猎物。 |
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相关英文原文阅读 |
The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators; deep-sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic region in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being caught. Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can use bioluminescent light. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many species are dark to blend in with their environment.
Many deep-sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes adapted to the dark. Bioluminescent organisms are capable of producing light biologically through the agitation of molecules of luciferin, which then produce photons of light. This process must be done in the presence of oxygen. These organisms are common in the mesopelagic region and below (200m and below). More than 50% of deep-sea fish as well as some species of shrimp and squid are capable of bioluminescence. About 80% of these organisms have photophores – light producing glandular cells that contain luminous bacteria bordered by dark colorings. Some of these photophores contain lenses, much like those in the eyes of humans, which can intensify or lessen the emanation of light. The ability to produce light only requires 1% of the organism''s energy and has many purposes: It is used to search for food and attract prey, like the anglerfish; claim territory through patrol; communicate and find a mate; and distract or temporarily blind predators to escape. Also, in the mesopelagic where some light still penetrates, some organisms camouflage themselves from predators below them by illuminating their bellies to match the color and intensity of light from above so that no shadow is cast. This tactic is known as counter illumination.
The life cycle of deep-sea fish can be exclusively deep water although some species are born in shallower water and sink upon maturation. Regardless of the depth where eggs and larvae reside, they are typically pelagic. This planktonic – drifting – lifestyle requires neutral buoyancy. In order to maintain this, the eggs and larvae often contain oil droplets in their plasma. When these organisms are in their fully matured state they need other adaptations to maintain their positions in the water column. In general, water’s density causes upthrust – the aspect of buoyancy that makes organisms float. To counteract this, the density of an organism must be greater than that of the surrounding water. Most animal tissues are denser than water, so they must find an equilibrium to make them float. Many organisms develop swim bladders (gas cavities) to stay afloat, but because of the high pressure of their environment, deep-sea fishes usually do not have this organ. Instead they exhibit structures similar to hydrofoils in order to provide hydrodynamic lift. It has also been found that the deeper a fish lives, the more jelly-like its flesh and the more minimal its bone structure. They reduce their tissue density through high fat content, reduction of skeletal weight – accomplished through reductions of size, thickness, and mineral content – and water accumulation makes them slower and less agile than surface fish. |
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题型难度分析 |
1-6判断题 1. he expected to see darkness在15米 TRUE 2. 他次怀疑F这种物质起作用是在德国 FALSE 3. 所有有red marking的fish都是在red sea 发现的 NOT GIVEN 4. 次发现fluorescence是在德国 FALSE 5. TRUE 6. TRUE
7-13填空题 7. communication 8. eyes 9. location 10. 鱼依靠F这个物质告诉同类它们的enemies 11. 相近的species出现了多样性 13. seahorse
本篇文章判断和填空各占一半，判断题属于主流题型，在本篇文章中难度中等；填空题相对而言内容较为简单，文章定位也比较容易。且两种题型都是顺序题型，所以难度适中。 |
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题型技巧分析 |
对于是非无判断题考生需注意以下几点： 1. 首先要看清题目要求，明确答案的书写，是要写TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN还是YE
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