事实信息题是托福阅读的主流题型，是所有题型中占比最重的一个题型。提高此题型的正确率非常重要。托福阅读1个小时完成3篇文章，平均每篇文章12-14道题，也就是说完成一道题的时间1分半不到，时间是非常紧张的。如果看完段落在看题目完全是来不及的。对于事实信息题来说，我们应该从题目出发，找到关键词，定位文章，找到关键句，然后再进行同义转换。定位法不能可以帮助学生去节省做题时间还能缩小搜索答案的范围。从TPO到真题来看，朗阁海外考试研究中心为大家总结了，除了通过题目的核心词以外，其他的一些典型的定位攻略。
攻略1 通过专有名词的（人名/地名）定位
Paragraph 5: When oceanic islands are far enough apart to permit populations to evolve in isolation, but close enough to allow occasional dispersions to occur, they are effectively outdoor laboratories of evolution. The Galapagos island chain is one of the world’s greatest showcases of evolution. Each island was born from underwater volcanoes and was gradually covered by organisms derived from strays that rode the ocean currents and winds from other islands and continents.
题目：Paragraph 5 supports the idea that Galapagos island chain was able to become “one of world’s greatest showcases of evolution” primarily because of”
A. the richness of the volcanic soil of each of the islands in the chain
B. the distance of the individual islands from each other and from the mainland
C. the relativity long time it took for the islands to become covered by organisms
D. the outdoor laboratories that scientists have built on the islands to study evolution
题目解析：题目里出现里大写字母的专有名词，题目问的是段落“Galapagos Island”chain成为了世界上最大的进化陈列窗的一个的原因是什么。那么定位到文章红色部分那句话。但是并没有原因出现。整个段落一共只有三句话，那么很显然。这个段落的结构是第一句话讲的是原因，也就是说当海洋的岛屿要足够远允许数量在隔离的情况下进化但是又要足够近，允许偶尔分散的发生。接下来Galapagos island只是在举例子而已。正确答案应该是B。跟距离相关的。（在这个题目里出现引号，如果题目里出现引号说明一定是原文的原句）
Paragraph 3: Second, this internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state — the unit of government in ancient Greece — and everything it stood for. Most city-states had been quite small in terms of citizenry, and this was considered to be a good thing. The focus of life was the agora, the open marketplace where assemblies could be held and where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person. The philosopher Plato (428-348 B.C.) felt that the ideal city-state should have about 5,000 citizens, because to the Greeks it was important that everyone in the community should know each other. In decision-making, the whole body of citizens together would have the necessary knowledge in order generally to reach the right decision, even though the individual might not be particularly qualified to decide. The philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself.
题目5. According to paragraph 3, Plato believed that the ideal city-state should be
A. governed by a ruling body of about 5,000 city leaders with a total population of no more than 100,000
B. led by the most qualified individual
C. governed by the group of citizens with the most knowledge about the issues of the day
D. small enough so that everyone would know each other。
题目解析：题目里出现了人名“Plato”，通过这个专有名词定位到文章时，关键句是红色部分的句子。哲学家柏拉图认为理想化的城镇应该有5000居民，因为对于希腊来说，在一个社区里彼此之间认识是非常重要的。所以正确答案是D。
攻略 2 数字定位
不管是题目里还是答案里如果出现数字的话，都以数字定位文章，找到相关关键句。
以“Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast”为例，
Paragraph2
Support is growing for the alternative theory that people using watercraft, possibly skin boats, moved southward from Beringia along the Gulf of Alaska and then southward along the Northwest coast of North America possibly as early as 16,000 years ago. This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americas prior to the melting of the continental glaciers. Until the early 1970s, most archaeologists did not consider the coast a possible migration route into the Americas because geologists originally believed that during the last Ice Age the entire Northwest Coast was covered by glacial ice. It had been assumed that the ice extended westward from Alaskan/Canadian mountains to the very edge of the continental shelf, that, submerged part of the continent that extends into the ocean, This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of North America to what is today and state of Washington.
题目：Paragraph 2 supports the idea that before the 1970s，most archaeologists held which of the following views about the earliest people to reach the Americas?
A. They could not have sailed directly from Beringia to Alaska and then region.
B. They were not aware that the climate would continue to become milder.
C. They would have had no interest in migrating southward from Beringia until after the continental glaciers had begun to melt.
D. They lacked the navigational skills and appropriate boats needed long-distance trips.
题目解析：题目里出现了数字1970S，直接定位到段落里出现1970的地方（红字已标出），讲的是只到1970s，绝大部分的考古学家都不认为沿海是可能移民路线，因为地质学家认为上个冰河世纪西北沿海都是被冰河所覆盖的。所以同义转换应该选择A。
Paragraph 5: The coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago. This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans. It has been suggested that if the environment were capable of supporting breeding populations of bears, there would have been enough food resources to support humans. Fladmark and other believe that the first human colonization of America occurred by boat along the Northwest Coast during the very late Ice Age, possibly as early as 14,000 years ago. The most recent geologic evidence indicates that it may have been possible for people to colonize ice-free regions along the continental shelf that were still exposed by the lower sea level between13,000 and 14,000 years ago.
题目：According to paragraph 5, the most recent geologic research provides support for a first colonization of America dating as far as back as
A）16000 years ago
B）14000 years ago
C）12500 years ago
D）10000years ago
题目解析：这道题目是答案里出现数字，通过答案的数字直接定位到文章，A答案16000，文章里没有，暂时先放一下，14000在文章出现的地方有两个。关键句在文章里已用红色标出。First human colonization应该可以追溯到14000年之前。所以应该是B。
机考的时候，对于密密麻麻的文字来说，出现数字的时候一定是比较醒目比较容易找到的。
事实信息题的答案一定是段落里一到两句话的同义转换，换言之，事实信息题答案一定要基于文章事实。如果只是凭着对段落的印象而来选择答案。风险性是非常大的。本篇文章所总结的定位攻略希望对同学们的备考助一臂之力！
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