今天小编要和大家讲一讲在托福阅读中,经常会见到的并列结构,这种结构常常会出现在长难句中,掌握了常见的并列结构,对长难句的理解会有很大帮助!
1. “单词”的并列,例如:
If drivers disobey the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and fined.
只有看出stopped, ticketed, fined三个动词过去分词是并列的,都与前面的be构成被动语态,才能正确理解句子。此外,这三个词体现了一种递进的关系:被“阻拦、开罚单、罚款。
2. 介词短语的并列
Studies serve for delight, for character, and for development.
三个for+名词的短语并列,分别讲了学习的三个目的。
3. 名词短语的并列
The way we communicate with other people, the educational training we receive and the knowledge we display are all part of our culture heritage.
与第一项类似,名词短语只不过是名词本身多了一些修饰成分(形容词、介词短语、分词或定语从句),我们先找出是哪些名词构成并列:the way, the educational training, the knowledge构成句子主语,而这些名词之后分别跟了一个定语从句来修饰它们。
4. 动词短语的并列
My principle is not to learn everything about something, but rather to learn something about everything.
熟悉“不是……而是……”,即“not…but (rather)…” 这个结构就可以看出,这里有to learn everything about something和to learn something about everything 两个动词不定式短语的并列。这个句子很有意思,大家可以自己翻译看看。
那么我们来看看TPO阅读中体现的并列结构:
1) The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away. (TPO1-1)
翻译:因此,饱和样本中的水分总量必须被视为包含可流失水和不可流失水两部分。
分析:consist of 的宾语是两个并列的water,分别被that引导的定语从句所修饰,只不过第一个定语从句中的drain away被省略掉了,为了避免重复。
2) Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. (TPO3-2)
翻译:许多人都在尝试通过减少灌溉频率或转向需水较少的作物来节约水。
分析:方式状语by(通过)…的并列。
3) But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. (TPO1-2)
翻译:然而,围绕着仪式所发展出的神话也许继续作为群体口头传统的一部分,并且可能会在脱离这些仪式的情况下被演出。
分析:这句话略为复杂,我们找准and两边相同的结构是may+动词原形,就可以看出这是两个动词短语的并列。
以上就是小编为大家带来的托福阅读中常见的并列结构的讲解,希望小编的这篇文章能够帮助到大家!