托福阅读备考背景知识整理介绍，在托福阅读备考时，大家多了解一些阅读文章的背景知识可以帮助我们更好的了解文章内容，为了帮助大家更好地备考托福，今天小编为大家整理了相关的内容，希望对大家的托福备考会有参考作用。
托福阅读备考背景知识整理介绍
Native American languages 美洲土著语言
Before Europeans arrived in North America there were over 300 Native American languages. Some have now died out, and of the 250 or so remaining many are spoken only by a few older people. Other languages, like Cherokee, are more widely spoken. Most Native Americans speak English, some as their first language and others as their second.
在欧洲人到达北美之前，有300多种美洲土著语言。有些人现在已经死亡，在剩下的250人中，许多人只讲几个老年人的话。其他语言，如切诺基语，则被广泛使用。大多数美洲土著人说英语，有些是他们的第一语言，另一些是他们的第二语言。
Native American languages have added many words to English, though the meaning of a word has often been changed. Teepees are a kind of tent, *wampum belts were made of beads and since the belts had great value Europeans used wampum to mean 'money'. Moccasins, a kind of shoe, are today worn by people all over the world. Many Native American words describe the things they name. For example, the Sukiyaki tribe's name means 'people of the yellow earth', and the Cherokees' name for themselves, Ani-Yun'wiya, means 'the leading people'. Indian names for Whites included 'people greedily grasping for land'.
美洲土著语言在英语中增加了许多单词，尽管一个词的意思经常被改变。帐篷是一种帐篷，*万普姆腰带是用珠子做的，既然这些腰带很有价值，欧洲人就用它来表示“钱”。莫卡辛，一种鞋，今天被世界各地的人们所穿。许多美洲土著人的词汇描述了他们命名的事物。例如，苏基亚基部落的名字是“黄土地上的人”，切诺基人的名字是他们自己，阿尼-云的威亚，意思是“领头羊”。印度白人的名字包括“人们贪婪地攫取土地”。
Many American place names have their roots in Native American languages. *Ohio, for instance, is a Native American name, and the names of many of its towns and cities, such as Chillicothe and Sandusky, and the lakes Scioto and Planting, are of Native American origin.
许多美国地名起源于美洲土著语言。*例如，俄亥俄是一个美洲土著人的名字，它的许多城镇和城市的名称，如奇利科特和桑杜斯基，以及山本湖和种植园，都是美洲土著人的名字。
Native Americans today 今天的美洲原住民
According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, a part of the US government, there are now about 550 tribes. These include well-known groups like the *Navajo and *Sioux, and less famous tribes like the Cayuse. The number of Native Americans living in the US is about 1.2 million.
据美国政府下属的印第安事务局称，现在大约有550个部落。这些部落包括著名的纳瓦霍族和苏族，以及一些不太著名的部落，如开曼群岛。居住在美国的美洲原住民人数约为120万。
Almost a million live on reservations, areas of land that the government has allowed them to keep as their own. Native Americans are US citizens, and have the rights and responsibilities of any US citizen. However, reservations have their own governments and police forces and Native Americans pay different taxes. They also have the right to hunt and fish where and when they like, while other Americans have to get a license.
近一百万人靠保留地生活，这些土地是政府允许他们自己保留的。美国原住民是美国公民，拥有任何美国公民的权利和责任。然而，保留地有自己的政府和警察部队和土著美国人支付不同的税收。他们还有权随时随地狩猎和捕鱼，而其他美国人则需要领取执照。
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