新托福阅读背景知识详细了解,在阅读备考过程中,多了解一些相关的背景知识,可以帮助我们在做题时更加的得心应手,为了帮助大家更好地备考托福,今天小编为大家整理了相关的内容,希望对大家的托福备考会有参考作用。
新托福阅读背景知识详细了解
In 1767 there was a disagreement in New York about whether Britain could ask people to give soldiers accommodation in their houses. The local assembly agreed, eventually, but became involved in a dispute with Parliament over who had the right to decide such matters. In the same year the Townshend Acts put taxes on certain products including tea. The assemblies refused to help collect the money and Parliament responded by closing them down. All this caused many more people to want independence. *Boston, especially, had many patriots, including those who called themselves the *Sons of Liberty. On 5 March 1770 there was a riot in Boston and British soldiers killed five people. This incident became known as the *Boston Massacre.
1767年,在纽约,关于英国是否可以要求人们在自己的房子里给士兵提供住宿的问题上存在分歧。地方议会最终达成一致,但与议会就谁有权决定这些事项发生了争执。同年,“汤森德法案”对包括茶叶在内的某些产品征税。议会拒绝帮助筹集资金,议会的反应是关闭这些资金。这一切使更多的人想要独立。*尤其是波士顿,有许多爱国者,包括那些自称“自由之子”的人。1770年3月5日,波士顿发生骚乱,英国士兵打死5人。这起事件被称为*波士顿大屠杀。
The Tea Act gave a British company the right to sell tea to the colonists and actually lowered the price for legally imported tea. But most colonists bought cheaper tea that had been smuggled into the country. On 16 December 1773, when ships arrived in Boston Harbor carrying the tea, a group of patriots dressed up as Native Americans went onto the ships and threw the tea into the water. After the *Boston Tea Party, as the event was later called, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts, laws to increase her control over the colonies.
“茶叶法”赋予一家英国公司向殖民者出售茶叶的权利,并实际上降低了合法进口茶叶的价格。但是大多数殖民者买了便宜的茶叶,这些茶是走私到这个国家的。1773年12月16日,当一批携带茶叶的船只抵达波士顿港时,一群装扮成美洲土著人的爱国者上船把茶扔进水里。在波士顿茶党(后来被称为波士顿茶党)之后,英国通过了令人无法容忍的法案,增加了她对殖民地的控制。
As more Americans began to support revolution, Britain sent yet more soldiers. On 5 September 1774 representatives of all the colonies except *Georgia met in *Philadelphia, calling themselves the *Continental Congress. The Congress decided that the colonies needed soldiers of their own, and agreed to start training militiamen who could leave their jobs and be used as soldiers if necessary. Since the militiamen had to be ready to fight at short notice, they were called *minutemen.
随着越来越多的美国人开始支持革命,英国派遣了更多的士兵。1774年9月5日,除*格鲁吉亚外,所有殖民地的代表在*费城开会,称自己为大陆会议。国会决定殖民地需要自己的士兵,并同意开始训练民兵,他们可以离开工作岗位,在必要时被用作士兵。由于民兵必须在短时间内准备战斗,他们被称为*Minutemen。
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