托福独立写作大家最容易犯的错误是什么?难道是词汇语句丰富,行文大量高逼格词汇?其实不然,如果大家想在托福独立写作中获取高分一定要重视语言连贯和技结构思考。本文中小编就为大家讲讲托福独立写作常见审题雷区。
往往听到的答案都会是诸如辞藻华丽、句式丰富或大词难词高逼格词等答案,偶有一些声音可能会提到文章逻辑、行文连贯等跟文章组织结构相关的思考。当然这个问题的答案,其实并不能简单地一言蔽之。
参看过独立写作的评分标准之后,我们其实能清晰明确地理解,考官想要的绝不只是单方面的一个点。那么,如果非要选一个最重要来当作答案的话,笔者认为,真正在考场上写独立写作时,最最重要的一环,应归属审题二字。而这一环,恰恰是很多考生在平时练习,甚至考场上不太重视的一环。
朗阁老师将审题的雷区大致归结为两个方面,一是宏观层面踩到了大雷,即题目回答角度完全跑偏,非但fail to address the task and the topic effectively,更是fail to address the task and the topic;二是微观层面被散弹击中,即题目虽然没有理解错,但在论述过程中因为审题不仔细或论述不严谨,亦或是论述过程中思路出现偏差而带来的论述跑偏。
首先我们先来看一下所谓宏观层面的托福独立写作常见审题雷区,这样的审题错误往往是由于考生错误地理解考题的本意,而给出了可谓驴唇不对马嘴的答案,以TPO 25为例:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Young people nowadays do not give enough time to helping their communities.
以下是一个学生给出的一个主体段:
The main reason for my disagreement is that community service could help students gain knowledge and abilities that cannot be acquired in school. They can get acquainted with people in different age, with different backgrounds, and having different hobbies in helping neighborhoods. This means that students may have to learn how to express ideas, listen to others and cooperate with others, since much team work tends to be involved in the process of doing community service. Last month, I helped plant several trees in my community, and met a retired professor who is also a volunteer. He imparted me a great deal of knowledge about trees and planting. Because of his age, I also helped him finish nearly all labor work and he was more like a director who gave me suggestions and guidance. Evidently, if rejecting community service, I would definitely lose such a precious opportunity.
如果单看上面这个段落,不难看出,作者思路清晰、文字流畅、论述有理有据,但是如果结合题目,其实也不难体会到托福独立写作常见审题雷区,作者清晰的思路其实都用在了一个跑偏的方向上。题目问我们是否同意:如今的年轻人并没有花足够的时间做社区服务,上文中第一句里的disagree告诉我们他不同意,但是读完整个段落,你是否发现,他不同意的并不是题目,而是这样一个命题,即如今的年轻人不应该花时间来做社区服务,因为整个段落他讲的都是做社区服务的好处。
如果回答题目,很明显应该分析的是年轻人为什么已经花了/并没有花足够的时间做社区服务。所以分析的角度也自然应该从年轻人出发,比如如果同意,可能会说现在年轻人太忙了,或是服务意识下降了,或是现在的社会足够健全,不需要年轻人了;如果不同意可以说现在的年轻人服务意识更强了,学校组织或公司组织的服务活动很多,或一些民间NGO等等都让现在的年轻人花了更多时间在help communities上。
这样,才是正确的解题思路,而按照上文的思路,就算文字再好,逻辑再连贯,也只能接受成绩不理想的后果了。这种跑题我们可以称之为是一种宏观的、彻头彻尾的跑题,像踩中了地雷,还是那种一踩即爆的雷,基本后果只能是粉身碎骨。不过如果在考试之前加以足够的练习,这种严重的跑题大部分同学基本都可以避免,然而接下来这种微观的审题失误造成文章跑题就稍显麻烦了。