托福写作素材学习：大学学费谁来付?

最新中科院一位博士的毕业论文致谢感动了无数网友。

其中他说道：“学校免除了全部学杂费..." 才使得他能在极端贫困中读完书。 感谢这些学校的同时，也让很多人意识到，这个世界上还是有人会因为学费而读不起书。 

其实，大学学费问题也是托福这两年考察的一个重点。 

比如下面这2道题目???? 

2020年10月第3周家考题目

..In your view, should universities be able to increase tuition as much as they wish, or should there be limits on tuition increases? 

2021年1月第3周家考题目：

...Do you believe that all nations should use taxes to fully fund universities so that students can study for free? 

所以，老师特意从《经济学人》上找到了相关文章，整理给大家。

01

素材原文

Places like America and Britain pass some of the increasing cost of higher educatoin on to students in the form of higher fees, with the understanding that poorer students will receive financial aid while richer ones will bear the full tuition bill.

This seems just. Unlike primary or secondary education, university is a minority pursuit. Only about 45% of adults have some post-secondary education. Those people tend to come from richer families and to earn more than the population as a whole. A universal programme that mostly benefits a well-off not-quite-half of the country would seem a strange aspiration for egalitarian-minded politicians. Better to target aid at those from poorer families.

An economic approach points in a similar direction. A post-secondary education represents an investment in a person’s future earning power, thanks to the skills obtained in school, the connections and credentials gathered along the way, and the signal a tertiary degree provides to employers. Since students reap most of the benefit, they should bear the cost, lest subsidies encourage people to spend years at university that might be better allocated elsewhere.

University attendees are more likely to come from wealthier families precisely because university is not free. There is something to this. Higher tuition charges do push some people away from post-secondary education. (214字)

02

素材学习

 大学学费上涨的原因

学生能负担得起

Places like America and Britain pass some of the increasing cost of higher educatoin on to students in the form of higher fees, with the understanding that poorer students will receive financial aidwhile richer ones will bear the full tuition bill.

美国和英国等地提学费的方式将增加的等教育成本部分转嫁给学生，他们的想法是，贫困学生将获得经济资助，而富裕学生将承担额学费。

1. pass.. on to.. : 把某物传给某人 

2. with the understanding that ... 意识到/理解到

3. bear the full tuition bill: 承担全部的学费

 

 反对政府负担学费/

大学生自己付学费的原因

读大学的人少，并且家庭富裕

This seems just. Unlike primary or secondary education, university is a minority pursuit. Only about 45% of adults have some post-secondary education. Those people tend to come from richer families and to earn more than the population as a whole. A universal programme that mostly benefits a well-off not-quite-half of the country would seem a strange aspiration for egalitarian-minded politicians. Better to target aid at those from poorer families.

这是公平的。与小学或中学教育不同，大学是少数人的追求。只有约45%的成年人接受过高等教育。这些人往往来自较富裕的家庭，收入高于总体水平。对于推崇平等主义的政客来说，一项普及计划主要惠及的是不到全国人口一半的富裕人群，似乎是个奇怪的愿望，最好把援助给予那些来自贫困家庭的人。

4. a minority pursuit：少数人的追求/爱好

--pursuit: n. 追求；爱好(可数)

▸ literary pursuits 文学爱好

5. post-secondary education  高等教育 

6. well-off. n. 富人

well off. adj. 富裕的，境遇好的 

7. aspiration. n. 志向(可数)

* He has serious aspirations to a career in politics. 他有从政的雄心壮志.

8. target .. at..  把..作为对象，目标 

大学生自己付学费的原因

大学生获得了好处，就应该付费

An economic approach points in a similar direction. A post-secondary education represents an investment in a person’s future earning power, thanks to the skills obtained in school, the connections and credentials gathered along the way, and the signal a tertiary degree provides to employers. Since students reap most of the benefit, they should bear the cost, lest subsidies encourage people to spend years at university that might be better allocated elsewhere.

经济上的考量也指向了类似的方向。高等教育是对一个人未来赚钱能力的一种投资，好处是他在学校获得的技能、一路走来收获的人脉和证书，以及大学学位向雇主发出的信号。既然学生获得了大部分的好处，他们理应承担成本，而不是因为有补贴，而把本来用来做别的事可能更好的几年时间花在大学里。

9. An economic approach points in a similar direction. 

--point in that direction/to the same conclusion 指向同一个方向/结论

▸ the forensic evidence points to it being murder rather than suicide

法医证据表明这是谋杀而不是自杀

10. (a) earning power. 未来的赚钱能力

11. connections. n. 人际关系(尤其是有权有势的)

*I heard about it through one of my business connections. 我通过一个生意上的关系户知道了这件事.

12. reap most of the benefit. 获得大部分好处

reap. v. 获得；收获

---reap the rewards of one's efforts因努力而获得回报

12. lest. 连词, 以免；为不使

*He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen. 他怕人家看见他而跑开了.

支持大学免费/政府负担学费的原因

University attendees are more likely to come from wealthier families precisely because university is not free. There is something to this. Higher tuition charges do push some people away from post-secondary education.

上大学的人更有可能来自富裕家庭，原因正是大学不是免费的。这有些道理。更高的学费确实把一些人推离了高等教育的大门。

13. attendee. n. 出席者

14. there is something to this. 这是有些道理的 

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