在备考托福过程中，很多同学都知道，听力是很重要的一部分内容。因此，绝大部分同学在备考过程中都会选择下载历年听力资料。小编为大家整理了托福历年听力下载资料，一起来看看吧。
生命科学——动物行为TPO4 Lecture1
Displacement activities occur when an animal experiences high motivation for two or more conflicting behaviors: the resulting displacement activity is usually unrelated to the competing motivations. Birds, for example, may peck at grass when uncertain whether to attack or flee from an opponent; similarly, a human may scratch his or her head when they do not know which of two options to choose. Displacement activities may
also occur when animals are prevented from performing a single behavior for which they are highly motivated. Displacement activities often involve actions which bring comfort to the animal such as scratching, preening, drinking or feeding.
试题与答案解析
1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.
C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
【解题要点】：主旨题必须要包含本文的核心词或核心词的同义改写
2. Indicate whether each of the activities below describes a displacement activity.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
| Yes | No | |
| An animal attacks the ground instead of its enemy. | ||
| An animal falls asleep in the middle of a mating ritual. | ||
| An animal eats some food when confronted by it enemy. | ||
| An animal takes a drink of water after grooming itself. |
【解题要点】：师生互动处为常见的托福出题点
3. What does the professor say about disinhibition?
A. It can prevent displacement activities from occurring.
B. It can cause animals to act on more than one drive at a time.
C. It is not useful for explaining many types of displacement activities.
D. It is responsible for the appearance of seemingly irrelevant behavior.
【解题要点】：机考屏幕上出现了学科词汇并且教授给予详细讲解处必考
4. According to the lecture, what is one possible reason that displacement activities are often grooming behaviors?
A. Grooming may cause an enemy or predator to be confused.
B. Grooming is a convenient and accessible behavior.
C. Grooming often occurs before eating and drinking.
D. Grooming is a common social activity.
【解题要点】：师生互动处为常见的托福出题点
5. Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?
A. To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.
B. To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming
C. To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.
D. To five an example of a n animal that does not display displacement activities.
【解题要点】：出现举例处多会考察目的类题目
6. Replay: What does the professor mean when she says this?
A. She is impressed by how much the student knows about redirecting.
B. She thinks it is time to move on to the next part of this lectures.
C. The student’s answer is not an example of a displacement activity.
D. The student should suggest a different animal behavior to discuss next.
【解题要点】：某一句话的隐含态度是复听题的重要考点
1. C
【答案解析】：本文核心词为displacement activity，选项中的ways animals behave when have conflicting drives为其同义改写。
2. NYYN
【答案解析】： 词条1根据男生回答可知不是displacement activity错；词条2及词条3为女生及教授的举例为正确答案；词条4并未提及，错。
3. D
【答案解析】： 根据原文“Or, well, they’re getting in a way of each in a… in a conflict situation and somehow lose control, lose their inhibiting effect on that third behavior, which means that the third drive surfaces, it’s expressed in the animal’s behavior.”可知
4. B
【答案解析】： 根据原文“Maybe because it’s easy for them to do? I mean, grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do. It’s something they do all the time, and they have the stimulus right there on the outside of their bodies in order to do the grooming, or if food is right in front of them. Basically, they don’t have to think very much about those behaviors.”可知
5. C
【答案解析】： 文章中之所以出现wood thrush举例，是因为前方教授刚提出“What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays.”
6. C
【答案解析】： “That’s really good suggestion, Karl. But that’s called ‘redirecting’.”一个but暗示男生所提的例子不对，教授没有直白的说出来，此题为隐含态度的考察。
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