AP美国历史提升技巧-简答题有什么技巧

AP美国历史提升技巧-简答题有什么技巧？简答题是一种比较开放式的题型，在AP美国历史中，还是属于不算难的题目，不过呢，也不能忽视，下面，小编就来给大伙说说AP美国历史提升技巧-简答题有什么技巧？

简答题备考技巧

AP美国历史的简答题其实难度普遍不大，但正因如此，考生答题的时候更需要关注以下几点，这样才能避免无谓的失分。

1、审清条件限制

每道简答题甚至其中的每一个小问题都会有它的限制条件，考生必须严格按照条件答题，要不一分没有。常见的限制条件经常有：时间限制、地区限制、人物限制、数量限制、领域限制等。

比如时间方面的限制，常见的方式有四种：

第一种是明确限制时间范围，比如20世纪七八十年代。

第二种是有上限，但是没有下限，如“南北战争之前“、”民权运动之前”等。

第三种就是有下限，但是没有上限，如“自《汤姆叔叔的小屋》出版之后”、“朝鲜战争之后”。

第四种就是上下限都有，但不明确给出，如“尤利西斯·格兰特时期”、“大萧条时期”等。

对地区和人物的限制相信考生比较好理解，即要你说明南部黑人的状况，你别说成北部城市的黑人工人；让你说亚历山大·汉密尔顿的政策，你别说成了詹姆斯·麦迪逊的政策。数量限制也不难理解，即：让你答两点，你不要只答一点。领域限制则比较复杂，经常会涉及文化方面的限制、经济方面的限制、军事方面的限制、外交方面的限制、内政方面的限制、思想方面的限制等。

所以考生拿到题目的第一件事就是要看出题目的限制条件在哪里，在限制的范围内答题，如果能够做到这一点，就已经成功一半了。

【例题1】 Answer A，B，and C

(A) Explains ONE important similarity between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England from 1607 to 1754.

(B) Explains ONE important difference between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England in the period from 1607 to 1754.

(C) Explains ONE factor that accounts for the difference indicated in(b).

通过条件限制分析，我们可以看出，时间限制在1607到1754年间，地点限制在切萨皮克殖民地和新英格兰殖民地，数量限制在一点相同和一点不同，领域限制没有。这些限制就像一个界限,把我们的答案限定在这个范围之内。

【例题2】 Answer A，B，and C

(A) Briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to 1700.

(B) Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the same period.

(C) Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period.

通过简单分析，答案限定的时间为1492至1700年，地点限制在东北部的美国，数量限制：(A)和(C)为1个例子，(B)小问为2个例子。领域限制为对印第安人社的改变。

所以做题之前，即使时间再紧张，我们也必须仔细审题，把限制条件弄清楚、弄准确。因为限制确定得过于“小”，会导致答案要点不全而丢分。相反，如果限制过“大，就会多做许多无用功，浪费大量宝贵的考试时间，关键是还会冲淡问题的主题，拉低了得分。

2、找齐材料

当我们把限制条件弄清楚之后，AP美国历史考生应该开始迅速地在自己的记忆库中搜寻任何与题目相关的材料和史实，开始头脑风暴，在限制范围内的材料要尽可能多地想出来，争取不漏过任何内容。只有把材料找全面，才能题目答得上，答得全面，不丢分。我们甚至可以得出这样的结论：对简答题所需材料搜集的准确、齐全与否，决定着考生简答题部分的最终得分。但这一部分的工作还需要在全面搜索的基础上注意时间，所以最好的方式就是作纲要性的、框架性的回忆，在落笔的时候再给予补充。

【例题1】 Answer A，B，and C

(A) Explains ONE important similarity between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England from 1607 to 1754.

(B) Explains ONE important difference between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England in the period from 1607 to 1754.

(C) Explains ONE factor that accounts for the difference indicated in(b).

在分析完限制之后，准备回答(A)小问，即尽可能多地考虑切萨皮克殖民的和新英格兰殖民在限制时间段内的相同点。第一，都以农业为基础；第二，在殖民地生存前期都得到了印第安人的帮助；第三，稳定之后都因为土地及文化等原因和印第安人发生了冲突。第四，都依赖于来自欧洲的雇佣劳工和奴隶耕种；第五，都依赖和宗主国即英国之间的贸易；第六，在期间内都一直在吸引着新移民的到来。弄清楚这些以后，就可以用大纲的方式写了，即：

·Agricultural but diversified economies by 1754

·Initial tolerance for survival between American Indians and British colonist

·Wars between colonists and American Indians due to land and cultural conflicts

·Indentured servitude and slavery as forms of labor

·Dependence on trade from and to Britain

·Motivations for immigration

类似地，我们把开始收集(B)问的材料，并写成大纲形式：

·Greater reliance on slavery in the Chesapeake

·Greater disparity in wealth between classes in the Chesapeake

·Large vs small farms

·Higher concentration of population density in New England

·New England founded more for religious toleration than the Chesapeake

·Settlement in New England more family oriented than in the Chesapeake

·Powhatan Wars/Bacon's rebellion vs. Pequot wars/King Philip's War

类似地，我们把开始收集(C)问的材料，并写成大纲形式：

·Greater reliance on slavery in Chesapeake due to labor intensive agriculture demands.

·Greater disparity in wealth in Chesapeake due to unequal land distribution.

·Natural resources and individual motives led to different economic systems.

·Natural resources and individual motives led to different levels of population density.

·Religious persecution and intolerance by the Anglican Church in England forced Puritans.

·Land and cultural differences led to conflicts with American Indians.

【例题2】Answer A，B，and C.

(A) Briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to 1700.

(B) Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the same period。

(C) Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period.

这道问题：在殖民早期，欧洲人给北美原住民印第安人造成了什么样的社会变化和影响？题目只要求回答一个变化，考生照样可以进行头脑风暴，尽可能多地想出符合限定条件的答案，最终选择一个最容易深入和展开的作为答案。该题目不难，印第安社会显著的变化可以集中在以下范围进行讨论，如欧洲的传染病导致印第安人口的骤降，印第安人被白人控制和奴役，传统的狩猎区不断被白人殖民者占领，导致部落经济结构的改变，印第安人和欧洲人之间的通婚等。进一步再把所涉及的内容以大纲形式列出：

·Native American population declined as a result of disease and warfare.

·Many Native Americans were enslaved and/or subjected to forced labor.

·Traditional tribal economies changed as a result of increased trade with Europeans.

·Native Americans and Europeans began to intermarry in Spanish and French colonies, producing racially mixed populations and caste systems.

类似地，我们还可以继续列出(B)问的内容：

·The introduction of new crops and livestock into Native American societies changed settlement patterns.

·Domestic animals brought by Europeans changed the environment and destroyed Native American crops.

·Views on gender roles, family, and property changed as a result of European influence.

·The introduction of guns, other weapons, and alcohol stimulated cultural and demographic changes in some Native American societies.

·Alliances with European nations changed politics and policies within and among tribes

能走到这一步考生就会很踏实了，因为它几乎了最终的成功。即使没有下一步的充实内容，就这么把提纲交上去，都能得到多半的分数。如果考生完成这一步比较困难的话，可能两种情况：一种情况是需要多练习，习惯这种做题方式；还有一种则是基础知识不扎实，想不出相关史实，那么就需要去进一步熟悉和巩固考点。

3、理清思路，把框架变成文章

在完成上述步骤，得出框架之后，还需要总体规划一下，把提纲落实为阅卷官所要求的文章。这时，我们要再次阅读题目，确定审题无误，然后开始筛选大纲要点，确定：先答什么？再答什么？最后答什么？相关知识点如何组合？等等。最后再从选定的材料中精选出与题目最为相关和贴切的内容，加以语言上的润色和修饰，组成答案。如：

(A)Explains ONE important similarity between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England from 1607 to 1754

Answer: The British colonies in the Chesapeake region and those in the New England region were similar because the colonists that settled there were looking for new opportunities. They either had been oppressed or were unable to economically thrive in England. Whether they were looking for land available land available for large farms, religious freedom, or trading and merchant opportunities, the colonists of both regions were looking for a new start in the New World. They were escaping issued they had encountered in England, which allowed for all colonists to be similar.

同样地，我们还可以把(B)和(C)问整理出来：

(B)Explains ONE important difference between the British colonies in the Chesapeake region and the British colonies in New England in the period from 1607 to 1754.

Answer: As mentioned before, the opportunities that the colonists in the New England colonies and in the Chesapeake region colonies were different. Even though they were searching for new opportunities, the opportunities they were searching for were very different and played in important role in colonies' ideologies. The New England colonies were formed in hope to find religious freedom. The original settlers were the puritans who were escaping persecution from the Church of England, and the wanted to purify the religion. In contrast, colonists in the Chesapeake region wanted land opportunities. They hoped to supply goods to England which increased English economy. The Northern colonies were more independent minded and were seeking more freedom than the southern colonists were.

(C)Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period.

Answer: A factor that account for these differences was the way the colonists were treated in England before their move. The colonists in New England were escaping poor treatment and oppression. This made them seek more from the New World for personal gain and did not hold as much loyalty to England as the southern colonists did. Southern colonists went to the New World often by companies promising land. For example, the Virginia Company promised 50 acres of land to every person paying to go to the New World. This meant that they still favorably liked the English and were not leaving England to escape oppression. They saw this voyage as a way the English government was helping them became more stable.

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